When Chevron finally clinched its $53 billion takeover of Hess, it wasn’t just another blockbuster deal in the oil industry.
It came at the end of a high-stakes arbitration clash with ExxonMobil, one that unfolded mostly behind closed doors and raised more questions than it answered.
At the center of the fight was Guyana’s Stabroek Block, a stretch of ocean floor that’s quickly become one of the most talked-about oil discoveries in years.
Chevron may have crossed the finish line, but with the arbitration process kept largely under wraps, it’s hard to know what really happened behind the scenes.
The outcome is public, sure but the backroom deals, strategic gambits, and corporate drama? That part’s still in the dark.
Chevron vs ExxonMobil dispute
The real battleground in this showdown was Hess’s 30% stake in Guyana’s Stabroek Block, one of the biggest offshore oil discoveries in the world.
Exxon, which operates the field and owns 45%, along with China’s CNOOC (which holds the remaining 25%), argued that their joint operating agreement gave them the right of first refusal.
In plain terms: they believed they should get first dibs on Hess’s stake before Chevron could make a move.
If Exxon had won that argument, it could’ve derailed Chevron’s plans entirely, cutting it out of one of the most prized assets in the global energy game.
But Chevron and Hess pushed back hard, saying the agreement didn’t apply in this case because they weren’t selling off an asset, they were merging companies.
According to their legal team, the clause was designed to block asset sales, not full-blown corporate takeovers.
In the end, the arbitration panel at the International Chamber of Commerce sided with them, clearing the way for Chevron to seal the deal.
What happened behind closed doors?
For all its significance, the Chevron-Hess arbitration played out largely in the shadows.
That kind of secrecy is typical for international business disputes but in this case, with billions on the line and major implications for the energy market, it’s drawn some scrutiny.
The International Chamber of Commerce’s ruling cleared Chevron to move forward, but the panel’s full legal reasoning hasn’t been made public.
Aside from a few vague statements and media headlines, no one really knows what swayed the decision.
The joint operating agreement at the center of the case still hasn’t been released, fueling speculation: did the arbitrators interpret Exxon and CNOOC’s rights narrowly, or did they find a legal loophole?
And behind the scenes, there’s a whole layer of the story that may never come to light, any private talks, side arrangements, or handshake understandings among Chevron, Hess, and Exxon remain entirely opaque.
What’s also missing are the internal calculations: how far was Chevron willing to go to keep the deal alive?
Was Exxon angling for leverage or genuinely trying to block the merger? None of that has surfaced.
And while the outcome could shape how joint operating agreements are written going forward, especially around pre-emption rights, it’s still unclear how, exactly, the industry will respond.
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